Alloy Steel F9 Flanges, ASTM A182 CrMo F9 Weld Neck Flange

Alloy Steel A182 F9 Flanges

ASTM A182 Alloy Steel F9 Flanges Manufacturer, UNS K90941 Weld Neck Flange, ASTM A182 F9 Slip-on Flange, WNR 1.7386 Lap Joint Flange, Cr-Mo F9 Blind Flange

Alloy Steel Grade F9 is a low-alloy steel that contains chromium and molybdenum. It is commonly used in high-temperature applications such as power generation, oil and gas, and chemical processing. Alloy Steel Grade F9 flanges are used to connect pipes, valves, pumps, and other equipment in these applications.

Alloy Steel Grade F9 flanges come in different sizes and types, including slip-on, weld neck, socket weld, threaded, blind, and lap joint. The most common types are slip-on and weld neck flanges. Slip-on flanges are easy to install and are used for low-pressure applications. Weld neck flanges are used for high-pressure applications as they provide a stronger connection and better alignment.

Alloy Steel Grade F9 flanges are typically manufactured according to industry standards such as ASME B16.5, ASME B16.47, and API 6A. They are available in different pressure ratings ranging from 150 to 2500 lbs. The flanges are also available in different facing types such as raised face, flat face, and ring type joint.

When selecting Alloy Steel Grade F9 flanges, it is important to consider the application requirements such as temperature, pressure, and corrosion resistance. It is also important to ensure that the flanges meet the required industry standards and are manufactured by a reputable supplier.

Specifications Material Grades Dimensions Weight Chart Pressure Chart Schedule Chart Applications

ASME / ANSI B16.5 Alloy Steel F9 RTJ Flange, PN10 PN16 Chromium Molybdenum Gr. F9 Threaded Flange, Table D & Table E Chrome Moly F9 Spectacle Blind Flange, ANSI 150 Alloy Grade F9 Socket Weld Flange at the Lowest Prices

Alloy Steel F9 Flange Specifications

Size Range

1/2″ (15 NB) to 48″ (1200NB)

Class / Pressure Rating

150#, 300#, 600#, 900#, 1500#, 2500#, PN6, PN10, PN16, PN25, PN40, PN64 etc.

Standards / Dimensions

ANSI/ASME B16.5, B16.47 Series A & B, B16.48, BS4504, BS 10, EN-1092, DIN, BS, GOST, MSS SP-44, ISO70051, JISB2220, BS1560-3.1, API7S-15, API7S-43, API605

Connection Type

Ring Joint Flange (RTJ), Flat Face Flange (FF), Raised Face Flange (RF), Male and Female Flange (M & F), Lap Joint Flange, Large and Small Tongue-and-Groove Flange (T & G)

Material Standards

ASTM A182 / ASME SA182

Alloy Steel F9 Flanges Equivalent Grade

STANDARD	UNS	WERKSTOFF NR.	Trade Name
Alloy Steel F9	K90941	1.7386	9Cr-1Mo

ASTM A182 Alloy Steel Grade F9 Flanges Chemical Composition

Grade	C	Mn	Si	P	S	Cr	Mo
Alloy Steel F9	0.15 max	0.3-0.6	0.5 – 1	0.03	0.03	8 – 10	0.9 – 1.1

Alloy Steel A182 F9 Flanges Mechanical Properties

Grade	Tensile Strength (MPa) min	Yield Strength 0.2% Proof (MPa) min	Elongation (% in 50mm) min
Alloy Steel F9	380	585	20

Find the largest ready stock of Class 300#, 600#, 900#, 1500#, 2500# Alloy Steel F9 Flanges, Cr-Mo F9 Weld Neck Flanges, Alloy Grade F9 Long Welding Neck Flange, F9 Alloy Steel Blind Flange, Alloy Steel F9 Weld Neck Flanges A / B, Chromium Molybdenum F9 Socket weld Flanges, F9 Alloy Steel Nipo Flanges, Cr-Mo UNS K90941 Flanges, 9Cr-1Mo F9 Expander Flanges at Best Price, F9 Chrome Moly Steel Forging Facing Flanges, Alloy Steel 1.7386 Flanges Dimensions, Alloy F9 BS Standard Table E Flange, Chrome Moly UNS K90941 Lap Joint Flanges, ANSI B16.5 Alloy Steel F9 Pipe Flange in Mumbai, India.

A182 Alloy Steel F9 Flanges Dimensions & Size

Nominal Pipes Sizes	OD (Outside Dia) of Flange	Thickness	Dia of Raised Face	Dia of Hub at Base	Length Thru Hub			Dia or Bore		Dia of Hub at Bevel	Radius of Fillet	Depth of Socket
	OD (Outside Dia) of Flange	Thickness	Dia of Raised Face	Dia of Hub at Base	Welding Neck	Slip-On Threaded Socket	Lap Joint	Slip-on Socket	Lap Joint	Dia of Hub at Bevel	Radius of Fillet	Depth of Socket
	O	Q	R	X	Y	Y	Y	W	B	H	r	Z
1/2	3-1/2	7/16	1-3/8	1-3/16	1-7/8	5/8	5/8	.88	.90	.84	1/8	3/8
3/4	3-7/8	1/2	1-11/16	1-1/2	2-1/16	5/8	5/8	1.09	1.11	1.05	1/8	7/16
1	4-1/4	9/16	2	1-15/16	2-3/16	11/16	11/16	1.36	1.38	1.32	1/8	1/2
1-1/4	4-5/8	5/8	2-1/2	2-5/16	2-1/4	13/16	13/16	1.70	1.72	1.66	3/16	9/16
1-1/2	5	11/16	2-7/8	2-9/16	2-7/16	7/8	7/8	1.95	1.97	1.90	1/4	5/8
2	6	3/4	3-5/8	3-1/16	2-1/2	1	1	2.44	2.46	2.38	5/16	11/16
2-1/2	7	7/8	4-1/8	3-9/16	2-3/4	1-1/8	1-1/8	2.94	2.97	2.88	5/16	3/4
3	7-1/2	15/16	5	4-1/4	2-3/4	1-3/16	1-3/16	3.57	3.60	3.50	3/8	13/16
3-1/2	8-1/2	15/16	5-1/2	4-13/16	2-13/16	1-1/4	1-1/4	4.07	4.10	4.00	3/8	7/8
4	9	15/16	6-3/16	5-5/16	3	1-5/16	1-5/16	4.57	4.60	4.50	7/16	15/16
5	10	15/16	7.5/16	6-7/16	3-1/2	1-7/16	1-7/16	5.66	5.69	5.56	7/16	15/16
6	11	1	8-1/2	7-9/16	3-1/2	1-9/16	1-9/16	6.72	6.75	6.63	1/2	1-1/16
8	13-1/2	1-1/8	10-5/8	9-11/16	4	1-3/4	1-3/4	8.72	8.75	8.63	1/2	1-1/4
10	16	1-3/16	12-3/4	12	4	1-15/16	1-15/16	10.88	10.92	10.75	1/2	1-5/16
12	19	1-1/4	15	14-3/8	4-1/2	2-3/16	2-3/16	12.88	12.92	12.75	1/2	1-9/16
14	21	1-3/8	16-1/4	15-3/4	5	2-1/4	3-1/8	14.14	14.18	14.00	1/2	1-5/8
16	23-1/2	1-7/16	18-1/2	18	5	2-1/2	3-7/16	16.16	16.19	16.00	1/2	1-3/4
18	25	1-9/16	21	19-7/8	5-1/2	2-11/16	3-13/16	18.18	18.20	18.00	1/2	1-15/16
20	27-1/2	1-11/16	23	22	5-11/16	2-7/8	4-1/16	20.20	20.25	20.00	1/2	2-1/8
24	32	1-7/8	27-1/4	26-1/8	6	3-1/4	4-3/8	24.25	24.25	24.00	1/2	2-1/2

A182 Alloy Steel F9 Flanges Weight Chart

CLASS	Nominal Pipe Size	Slip On	Threaded	Socket Weld	Lap Joint	Blind	Weld Neck
150 lb	½	1	1	2	1	2	2
	¾	2	2	2	2	2	2
	1	2	2	2	2	2	3
	1¼	3	3	3	3	3	3
	1½	3	3	3	3	4	4
	2	5	5	5	5	5	6
	2½	8	8	8	8	7	10
	3	9	9	9	9	9	11.5
	3½	11	12	11	11	13	12
	4	13	13	13	13	17	16.5
	5	15	15	15	15	20	21
	6	19	19	19	19	27	26
	8	30	30	30	30	47	42
	10	43	43	43	43	70	54
	12	64	64	64	64	123	88
	14	90	90	90	105	140	114
	16	106	98	98	140	180	140
	18	130	130	130	160	220	165
	20	165	165	165	195	285	197
	22	185	185	185	245	355	225
	24	220	220	220	275	430	268

300 lb	½	2	2	3	2	2	2
	¾	3	3	3	3	3	3
	1	3	3	3	3	4	4
	1¼	4.5	4.5	4	4.5	6	5
	1½	6.5	6.5	6	6.5	7	7
	2	7	7	7	7	8	9
	2½	10	10	10	10	12	12
	3	13	14	13	14.5	16	18
	3½	17	17	17	17	21	20
	4	23.5	24	22	24	28	26.5
	5	29	31	28	28	37	36
	6	39	39	39	39	50	45
	8	58	58	58	58	81	69
	10	81	81	81	91	124	100
	12	115	115	115	140	185	142
	14	165	165	165	190	250	206
	16	210	220	190	234	315	250
	18	253	280	250	305	414	320
	20	315	325	315	375	515	400
	22	370	370	370	435	640	465
	24	490	490	475	550	800	580

400 lb	½	2	2	2	2	2	3
	¾	3	3	3	3	3	3.5
	1	3.5	3.5	3.5	3.5	4	4
	1¼	4.5	4.5	4.5	4.5	6	4.5
	1½	6.5	6.5	6.5	6.5	8	8
	2	8	8	8	8	10	10
	2½	12	12	12	11	15	14
	3	15	15	15	14	20	18
	3½	21	21	21	20	29	26
	4	26	26	26	25	33	35
	5	31	31	31	29	44	43
	6	44	44	44	42	61	57
	8	67	67	67	64	100	89
	10	91	91	91	110	155	125
	12	130	130	130	152	226	175
	14	191	191	191	210	310	233
	16	253	253	253	280	398	295
	18	310	310	310	345	502	360
	20	378	378	378	420	621	445
	22	405	405	405	455	720	505
	24	539	539	539	615	936	640

600 lb	½	2	2	2	2	3	3
	¾	3	3	3	3	4	4
	1	4	4	4	4	4	4
	1¼	5	5	5	5	6	6
	1½	7	7	7	7	8	8
	2	9	9	9	9	10	12
	2½	13	13	13	12	15	18
	3	16	16	16	15	20	23
	3½	21	21	21	20	29	26
	4	37	37	37	36	41	42
	5	63	63	63	63	68	68
	6	80	80	80	78	86	81
	8	115	115	115	112	140	120
	10	177	177	177	195	231	190
	12	215	215	215	240	295	226
	14	259	259	259	290	378	347
	16	366	366	366	400	527	481
	18	476	476	476	469	665	555
	20	612	612	612	604	855	690
	22	590	590	590	670	1000	720
	24	876	876	876	866	1250	977

900 lb	½	6	6	6	6	4	7
	¾	6	6	6	6	6	7
	1	7.5	7.5	7.5	7.5	9	8.5
	1¼	10	10	10	10	10	10
	1½	14	14	14	14	14	14
	2	22	22	22	21	25	24
	2½	31	31	31	25	32	31
	3	36	36	36	29	35	36
	4	53	53	53	51	54	53
	5	83	83	83	81	87	86
	6	110	110	110	105	115	110
	8	172	172	172	190	200	187
	10	245	245	245	277	290	268
	12	326	326	326	371	415	372
	14	400	400	400	415	520	562
	16	459	459	459	488	619	685
	18	647	647	647	670	880	924
	20	792	792	792	868	1107	1164
	24	1480	1480	1480	1659	2099	2107

1500 lb	½	6	6	6	6	4	7
	¾	6	6	6	6	6	7
	1	8	8	8	8	9	9
	1¼	10	10	10	10	10	10
	1½	14	14	14	14	14	14
	2	25	25	25	25	25	25
	2½	36	36	36	35	35	36
	3	48	48	48	47	48	48
	4	73	73	73	75	73	73
	5	132	132	132	140	140	132
	6	165	165	165	170	160	165
	8	260	260	260	286	302	275
	10	436	436	436	485	510	455
	12	667	667	667	749	775	690
	14	940	940	940	890	975	940
	16	1250	1250	1250	1250	1300	1250
	18	1625	1625	1625	1475	1750	1625
	20	2050	2050	2050	1775	2225	2050
	24	2825	2825	2825	2825	3625	3325

2500 lb	½	….	7	….	7	7	8
	¾	….	9	….	8	10	9
	1	….	12	….	12	12	13
	1¼	….	18	….	17	18	20
	1½	….	25	….	24	25	28
	2	….	38	….	37	39	42
	2½	….	55	….	53	56	52
	3	….	83	….	80	86	94
	4	….	127	….	122	133	146
	5	….	210	….	204	223	244
	6	….	323	….	314	345	378
	8	….	485	….	471	533	576
	10	….	925	….	897	1025	1068
	12	….	1300	….	1262	1464	1608

Alloy Steel Grade F9 Flange Pressure Ratings

Temp. °F	Class 75 psi	Class 150 psi	Class 300 psi	Class 400 psi	Class 600 psi	Class 900 psi	Class 1500 psi	Class 2500 psi
-20~100	145	290	750	1000	1500	2250	3750	6250
200	135	260	735	980	1470	2210	3680	6135
300	115	230	700	935	1400	2100	3495	5830
400	100	200	670	890	1335	2005	3345	5570
500	85	170	645	860	1290	1940	3230	5385
600	70	140	605	805	1210	1815	3025	5040
650	60	125	590	785	1175	1765	2940	4905
700	–	110	570	755	1135	1705	2840	4730
750	–	95	530	710	1065	1595	2660	4430
800	–	80	510	675	1015	1525	2540	4230
850	–	65	485	650	975	1460	2435	4060
900	–	50	375	500	745	1120	1870	3115
950	–	35	275	365	550	825	1370	2285
1000	–	20	200	265	400	595	995	1655
1050	–	–	145	190	290	430	720	1200
1100	–	–	95	130	190	290	480	800
1150	–	–	60	80	125	185	310	515
1200	–	–	35	45	70	105	170	285

ANSI/ASME SA-182 B16.5 Alloy Steel F9 Flanges Schedule / Class

Flange Schedule/Class	Pipe Size – Pipe Flanges	Flange Connection Type	Flange Material	Max. Pressure
ASME B16.5 Class 150	1/2″	FNPT	Alloy Steel F9 / Cr-Mo F9 / A182 F9 Flange	150 psi
ASME B16.5 Class 150	1/2″	Socket Weld		275 psi
ASME B16.5 Class 150	1/2″	Welded		150 psi
ASME B16.5 Class 150	3/4″	FNPT		150 psi
ASME B16.5 Class 150	3/4″	Socket Weld		275 psi
ASME B16.5 Class 150	1-1/4″	Socket Weld		275 psi
ASME B16.5 Class 150	1-1/2″	Socket Weld		275 psi
ASME B16.5 Class 150	2″	FNPT		150 psi
ASME B16.5 Class 150	2″	Socket Weld		275 psi
ASME B16.5 Class 150	2-1/2″	Socket Weld		275 psi
ASME B16.5 Class 150	3″	Socket Weld		275 psi
ASME B16.5 Class 150	4″	FNPT		150 psi
ASME B16.5 Class 150	4″	Socket Weld		275 psi
ASME B16.5 Class 300	1/2″	Slip On		720 psi
ASME B16.5 Class 300	1/2″	Slip On		720 psi
ASME B16.5 Class 300	1″	Slip On		720 psi
ASME B16.5 Class 300	1″	Slip On		720 psi
ASME B16.5 Class 300	1-1/4″	FNPT		720 psi
ASME B16.5 Class 300	1-1/4″	Slip On		720 psi
ASME B16.5 Class 300	1-1/2″	Slip On		720 psi
ASME B16.5 Class 300	1-1/2″	Slip On		720 psi
ASME B16.5 Class 300	2″	Slip On		720 psi
ASME B16.5 Class 300	2″	Slip On		720 psi
ASME B16.5 Class 300	2-1/2″	Slip On		720 psi
ASME B16.5 Class 300	2-1/2″	Slip On		720 psi
ASME B16.5 Class 300	3″	Slip On		720 psi
ASME B16.5 Class 300	3″	Slip On		720 psi
ASME B16.5 Class 300	4″	Slip On		720 psi
ASME B16.5 Class 300	4″	Slip On		720 psi

Alloy Steel Grade F9 Flanges Standard

American Steel Flanges Standard
Standard Code	Standard Name
ANSI ASME SA-182	Forged Flanges
ANSI ASME B16.5	Slip on flange, Welding neck flange, Blind flange, Threaded flange, Lap joint flange, RTJ flange
ASME – B 16.47	Welding neck flange, Blind flange
ASME – B 16.36	Welding neck flange Slip on flange
German Steel Flanges Standard
DIN 2527	Steel Blind Flanges, BLRF
DIN 2573 / 2576	Flat Flange for Welding (Slip On)
DIN 2673	Loose Flanges and Rings for Welding (Slip On Flanges and Plain Collars)
DIN 2641 / 2642	Lapped / Loose (Lap Joint) Flanges Plain Collars
DIN 28115	Long Neck Welding Flanges
DIN PN10, PN16	Alloy Steel F9 PN10 Flanges, F9 Alloy Steel DIN PN 10 Flanges, A182 F9 Alloy Steel PN16 Flange
DIN PN20, PN25	Alloy Steel F9 PN20 Flanges, F9 Chrome Moly DIN PN 25 Flanges
DIN PN40, PN50	Chrome Moly Steel F9 PN40 Flanges, F9 Alloy Steel DIN PN 50 Flanges
Japanese Steel Flanges Standard
JIS B2220	Slipon plate flange (SOP), Slipon Hub (SOH), Socket Welding flange (SW), Welding neck flange (WN), Lapjoint (LJ), Threaded flange (TR)/ Itegral flange (IT) Blank flange (BL)
JIS B2291	Slipon plate flange (SOP), Slipon Hub (SOH), Socket Welding flange (SW), Welding neck flange (WN), Lapjoint (LJ), Threaded flange (TR)/ Itegral flange (IT) Blank flange (BL)
JIS 5K, 10K	Alloy Steel F9 5K SORF Flanges, F9 Alloy Steel 10K SOFF Flanges
JIS 16K, 20K	Alloy Steel F9 16K Blind Flanges, A182 F9 Chromium Molybdenum Steel 20K BLRF Flanges
JIS 30K, 40K	Alloy Steel F9 30K Slip on Flanges, F9 Alloy Steel 40K Blind Flanges
Italian Flanges Standard
UNI FLANGES	Plan flanges (2276, 2277, 2278, 6083, 6084) Welding neck (2280, 2281, 2282, 2283, 2284, 2285, 2286) Lapped flanges (6088, 6089, 6090, 2999, 2300) Blind flanges (6091, 6092, 6093, 6094, 6095, 6096, 6097) threaded flanges (2253, 2254)
British Standard Pipe Flanges Standard
BS 10 Table D	Alloy Steel F9 BS 10 Table D Flanges, F9 Table D Pipe Flange
BS 10 Table E	Alloy Steel F9 BS 10 Table E Flanges, A182 F9 Table E Pipe Flange
BS 10 Table F	Chromium Molybdenum Steel F9 BS 10 Table E Flanges, F9 Cr-Mo Table E Flanges
BS 10 Table H	Alloy Steel F9 BS 10 Table E Flanges, Cr-Mo F9 Table E Pipe Flanges

Best quality Alloy Steel Grade F9 Flanges, MSS SP-44 CrMo F9 Plate Flange, F9 Alloy Steel Forged Flanges Exporter, Chromium Molybdenum Steel F9 Flange, Chrome Moly F9 Forged Flanges Flat Face, Alloy Steel F9 Flanges Dimension, Alloy A182 F9 Weld Neck Flanges, Alloy Steel F9 Weld Neck Flange, Alloy Steel F9 Backup Flange, ASME SA182 AS F9 RTJ Flanges, F9 AS SORF Flange, Alloy Steel F9 Lap Joint Flanges Distributor, Chrome Moly F9 Flanges, Grade F9 Alloy Steel Flat Face Flanges, Cr-Mo F9 Spades Ring Spacers Flanges, Wrought Alloy Steel F9 Flanges, ASTM A182 F9 Expander Flanges at Best Price.

Alloy Steel A182 Grade F9 Flanges Applications

We stock in India and export to the following countries

Australia, Afghanistan, Algeria, Angola, Argentina, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Benin,
Bhutan, Botswana, Brazil, Brunei, Burkina Faso, Cambodia, Cameroon, Canada, Central Africa Republic,
Chad, Chile, Colombia, Cuba, Cyprus, DRC, Djibouti, Egypt, Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea, Eswatini,
Ethiopia, Fiji, Finland, France, Georgia, Germany, Ghana, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Indonesia, Iran,
Iraq, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Japan, Jordan, Kazakhstan, Kenya, Kuwait, Kyrgyzstan, Laos, Lebanon,
Lesotho, Liberia, Libya, Lithuania, Madagascar, Malawi, Malaysia, Maldives, Mali, Mexico, Morocco,
Mozambique, Mauritania, Myanmar, Namibia, Nepal, Netherlands, New Zealand, Nigeria, Norway, Oman,
Panama, Peru, Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Palestine, Qatar, Russia, Rwanda, Romania, Saudi Arabia,
Senegal, Sierra Leone, Singapore, Slovakia, Somalia, South Africa, South Korea, South Sudan, Spain,
Sri Lanka, Sweden, Switzerland, Syria, Taiwan, Tajikistan, Tanzania, Tasmania, Thailand, The Gambia,
Timor-Leste, Togo, Tunisia, Turkey, Turkiye, Turkmenistan, Uganda, Uzbekistan, United Arab Emirates (UAE),
United Kingdom (UK), United States (US), Venezuela, Vietnam, Yemen, Zambia, Zimbabwe

We stock in Mumbai and supply to the following cities

Abu Dhabi, Amsterdam, Abuja, Accra, Addis Ababa, Ahmedabad, Algiers, Amman, Ankara, Antananarivo,
Ashgabat, Asmara, Astana, Athens, Baghdad, Baku, Bamako, Bandar Seri Begawan, Bangkok, Bangui,
Banjul, Beirut, Bengaluru, Berlin, Bishkek, Bloemfontein, Bogotá, Bern, Brasília, Bratislava,
Bucharest, Budapest, Buenos Aires, Cairo, Canberra, Cape Town, Caracas, Chennai, Coimbatore, Dakar,
Damascus, Dhaka, Dili, Djibouti city, Dodoma, Doha, Dublin, Dushanbe, Freetown, Gaborone, Ghaziabad,
Guwahati, Hanoi, Harare, Havana, Helsinki, Hobart, Hyderabad, Indore, Jaipur, Jakarta, Jerusalem,
Juba, Jurong East, Kabul, Kampala, Kanpur, Kathmandu, Kigali, Kinshasa, Kochi, Kolkata, Kuala Lumpur,
Kuwait City, Lisbon, Lilongwe, Lima, Lobamba, Lomé, London, Luanda, Lucknow, Lusaka, Malabo, Madrid,
Malé, Mexico City, Manama, Moscow, Manila, Maputo, Maseru, Mbabane, Mogadishu, Monrovia, Mumabi,
Muscat, Nagpur, Nairobi, New Delhi, Niamey, Nicosia, Noida, Nouakchott, N’Djamena, Oslo, Ottawa,
Ouagadougou, Panama City, Paris, Patna, Phnom Penh, Porto-Novo, Pretoria, Pune, Rabat, Reykjavík,
Riyadh, Rome, Sana’a, Santiago, Sri Jayawardenepura Kotte, Stockholm, Seoul, Singapore, Surat,
Suva, Taipei City, Tashkent, Tokyo, Tbilisi, Tehran, Thimphu, Tripoli, Tunis, Vientiane, Vilnius,
Visakhapatnam, Warsaw, Washington D.C., Wellington, Windhoek, Yaoundé, Yerevan, Naypyidaw

Alloy Steel F9 Flanges Price

Omaa Metal Sources is ASME B16.5 ASTM A182 Alloy Steel F9 Flanges Exporters and Suppliers in the US, UK, South Africa, Saudi Arabia, Singapore, UAE, Oman, South Korea, Turkey, Bahrain, Malaysia, Philippines, Thailand, Norway, Indonesia, Iraq, Yemen, Bangladesh, Nigeria, Egypt, Peru, Ghana, Morocco, Etc.